By: Salai Van Lian Thang
Biahramthok:
Kawlram Uktu Ralkap SPDC nih 4 November 2010 ah ‘Public Military Service Law’ (Pyituh Shit-hmu Thain Upadii) an tialmi cu Registered No (39) le Law No 27/ 2010 in Union of Myanmar Gazette ( Naing-Ngan-Daw Pyain-Tain) ah 17 December 2010 ah a thli in an chuah. Mipi theih ding an thanh lo. Cucaah mipi nih hi upadii theih duhnak a fak ngaingai cio Hi phung hi cheukhat nih ‘Military Conscription Law’ tiah an auh, US ramah cun ‘Draft Law’ tiah an auh, Kawlram ah ‘Public Military Service Law’ tiah min phunphun in sak a si. Laiholh in ‘Mipi Ralkap Tuannak Phung (MRTP’ tiah kan ti lai.
Hi upadii a chuah cangka vawleipi a cul dih colh. Cozah dohtu NLD le a dang nih lungtlinlonak ca an chuah colh. Fakpi in soisel le dohdalh a tong colh. Ramdang phan cu kan him kan ti. Sihmanhsehlaw, Kawlram chung um mino thangthar relcawklo thinphang le sivang in a chiahmi a fak hringhran. Kawlram kir than duh ramleng cacawng lio tampi an awlokchawng. Kawlram zaam tak viar an I tim dih hnik cang rua ti awk in a um. Tihnak le phanhnak longte nih ram pumpi a khuh. Hi thong hi a hman maw tiah biahalnak tam lakte ka ton. Ralkap nih thlithup in a chiah, official in a thanh fawn lo tikah zapi a thei rih lo an tam ngai. Ruahnak phunkip dap cio a si. Cucaah ka theihtok ka rak tial.
1. Vawleicung Ramkip nih MRTP an Hmanning
Vawleicung ram (195) a ummi chungah ram (192) cu UN chungtel an si. Hi chungah ram (18) cu Ralkap ‘defense force’ an ngei lo. Mipi Ralkap Tuanter Phung (MRTP) ‘enforce’ a hmang lomi ram (92) an um. Caan biapi (special circumstances) longah MRTP ka hmang lai a timi ram (7) an um. Pumpak mah duhthimnak (voluntary service) in MRTP a hmangmi ram (8) an um. Minung thim ciamman (selective conscription) a hmangmi ram (12) an um. Meithal tlai lo, Raltuk lo (unarm or non-combatant service) phunin MRTP a hmangmi ram (12) an um. MRTP a hmang hrimmi (mandatory military service) hi ram (25) an um. Tuancaan belte kum (1) nak tlawm a hmangmi an bantukin thla (18) nak tlawm le thla (18) nak tam tiah a phunphun in an um than.
1.1. MRTP a hmanglomi Ram Cheukhat
MRTP hramhram a hmanglomi chungah Argentina, Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Japan, Netherland, Newzeland, Pakistan, Philippine, Poland, Sweden, UK le US tepawl an I tel.
Australia hi Vawlei Ralpi WW (1) le WW (2) lengah Korean Ral, Viatnam Ral lio caanah MRTP an rak hmang nain 1972 ah Whitlam Cozah a kai hnuin MRTP cu hrawh a si. Canada hi MRTP hman le hman lo kong biatak tein WW (I) le WW (II) caanah an rak buai. Sihmanhsehlaw, MRTP an hmang bal rih lo. France hi Frence Revolution hlan in an hman lengah Republic an dirhnu in cak deuhin an kalpi. Sihmanhsehlaw, MRTP hman cu 1996 in an hrawh nain 1979 hlan a chuakmi cu rian a dih tiang an tuan lawlaw lai, ti a si Germany zong MRTP phung an rak hmang nain hramhram in MRTP hman cu Nov 2011 ah an hrawh I, kum 2011 hnucun Professional Army pungsan in kan kalpi lai tiah an ti. India hi tupung phunphun le ral phunphun a ngei peng nain Mirang uknak tang zongah independence hnu zongah MRTP a hmang bal lo. Nain WW (II) lioah volunteer in Ralkap a lutmi hecun Ralkap 2.5 million an si, ti a si. Vawleicung ah volunteer in ralkap tambik a ngeimi a si lengah Ralkap tamnak leiin vawlei cungah (3) nk a si. Philipine hi MRTP an hmang lo nain zarhkhat ah can tlawmte in sianginn ah training an tuahter lengah High School ah compulsory in an cawn i college ah optional in an cawnter hna. Cu training phun tuah lo ahcun graduate a ngah lophun in an kalpi. Ramleng mi cu an tuahter hna lo. Kum 1902 thokin Sweden hi MRTP an hmang nain July 2010 in an hmang ti lo. Hlan ahcun kum 18 in kum 47 kar Ralkap luh a herh, ti a si. UK hi WW (I) ahcun volunteer in MRTP an hmang nain WW (II) cun huap zaudeuh in a kalpi. WW (II) a dih hnuah ‘National Service’ tiah an kalpi than nain 1960 in MRTP cu an hrawh, an hmang ti lo. US nih MRTP hi an hman an hrawh an hman tiah a um. MRTP ruangah buainak tampi zong an tong. 1863 ramchung ral lioin an hman I, 1917 WW (I) zongah an hman. Ral daih hnu zongah Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 tiah an hman than nain 1973 ah hramhram in Ralkap luh (mandatory service) cu an hrawh cang. Nain US Congress nih a herh tik poah MRTP a ser khawh, ti a si. Tulio an hman ning cu kum (18) a tlin hnu ni (30) chungah pa poahpoah Kum (25) a tlin hlan cu Selective Service System ah register tuah dih a herh, ti a si. Emergency ca tikah ti a si. Non-citizen a simi refugee le asylee pawl zong nih register tuah a herh. Tuah lo ahcun Citizenship sawk tikah an reject khawh ti a si. Biatiamnak (Oath of Citizenship) zongah ‘US ram upadii nih a ka herh tikah ralkap ka tuan lai’ tiah biakam a herh. Nu cu register an tuah a herh lo nain voluntary in ralkap luh khawh thiam a si, ti a si ve.
1.2 MRTP a hmangmi Ram Cheukhat
MRTP hi (mandatory military service) in a hmangmi ram hi Armenia, Brizil, Burma, China, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iran, Israel, South Korea, Mexico, Norway, Russia, Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey le Ukrain ram te pawl an si.
Armenia cu kum (18) le (27) kar poah caah MRTP hman a si. Tuluk nih MRTP hi 1949 in an ngei cang. 1984 in Military Service Law tiah an ser I tuchun tiang an hrawk lo. Phunghram hrimhrim ah ‘Tuluk mi poahpoah Ralkap luh ding duty kan ngei’ tiah an tial. Sihmanhsehlaw, milu an tamtuk hringhran caah volunteer in Ralkap a lutmi an tamtuk. Hramhram in MRTP an hmang bal lo ah a cang. Denmark zong kum (18) in (27) kar pa a ti khomi poah caah MRTP hman a si. Kum 18 tlin hrongah ca a ralai I, MRTP zung ‘draft office’ ah tlinh le tlinh lo physically and psychologically zohfian ding auh a si. Tlinh ah cun tuanter, tlinh lo cun tuanter lo a si. Thla (4) hi normal a si I, special cu saudeuh zong a tuanter a si. Israel cu nu zong pa zong kum (18) tlingmi MRTP nih a haup. Nu fapawi le pasal ngei cu a huap lo. Pa nih kum (3), nu nih thla (21) tuan a si. South Korea zong pa poah thla (21) chung caah MRTP hman a si. South Korean pa Ralkap an tuanbal dih ngot, ti a si. Thongtla lo cu an luat lo. Nai North Korea he an buai cun thla (24) ah kan kaiter hnga maw tiah an ruah lio a si. Norway zong pa nih thla (19) chung caah MRTP nih a huap. Kum (18) in (44) kar a si nain kum (28) luan hnu cun an au tuk ti hna lo ti a si. Mah lungtlinnak in kum (17) nih tuan khawh a si lengah ral can ah kum (55) zong nih tuan khawh a si, ti a si. 2006 in nu zong timhtuah a si nain ka lut duh ko tiah minthut lo cun luhter a si hlei lo. Tulio ah Norway ah kum fatin 27% mino nih Ralkap training an dih, tiah an ti. Singapore hi 2005 hlanah thla (31) chung hopoah Ralkap tuanta dih a si nain 1967 in thla (24) ah an thumh. Kum (18) le (21) pa poah tuan a si lai, ti a si ve.
2. Kawl Ralkap Upadii le MRTP Umtuning
2.1 MRTP Upadii Sernak Chan:
Kawlram mi poahpoah nih Ramkomh kehdarhlo, Kawlram miphun hna lungrualnak rawhlo, Uknak hrampi zungzal hmunhter timi kan tuanrian (3) dirhkamh rian kan ngeih dih caah mah tuanrian a takin kan dirhkamh khawhnak hnga ral lei thiamnak cawnding le ram kamhnak (defense) caah Ralkap Riantuan dingin State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) nih hi upadii cu kan ser, ti a si.
2.2 MRTP Upadii Hmanthoknak:
Hi ‘Public Military Service Law’ (Pyituh Shit-hmu Thain Upadii) MRTP cu SPDC Chairman nih theihternak awder a chuahni thokin a nung lai, hman a si lai, ti a si. The law comes into force on the day that the State Peace and Development Council enacted the law by order.
2.3 Ralkap Tuannak ah Tahfung:
Mipa a si ahcun kum (18) le kum (35) kar poahpoah. Nu a si cun kum (18) le kum (27) kar poahpoah nih Ralkap an tuan lai. Thiamhleinak (experts) pawl an si ahcun pa cu kum (18) in (45) kar poahpoah. Thiamhleinak a ngeimi nu a si ahcun kum (18) in (35) kar a si lai, ti a si. Thiamhleinak a ngeimi timi cu Siilei Doctor, Engineer, Sehlei thiamnak a cawngmi (Technician) asiloah thiamhleinak pakhat khat in paw ai cawmmi (anyone who practices some form of expertise) tiah a hrilhfiah.
2.4 Ralkap Tuan chung Caan:
(a) Ralkap tuannak kum a tling cangmi poahpoah thla (24) nak tam lo Ralkap tuan dingah auh khawh a si lai.
(b) Ralkap tuannak kum a tling cangmi chungah Tatmadaw Technician ( Tatmadaw Set-hmu Let-hmu Pyin-ngia) caah auhmi cu thla (36) nak tam lo Ralkap tuanter khawh a si lai.
(c) Ralkap tuan dingah kum a tling cangmi chungah Thiamhleinak a ngeimi (experts) cu thla (36) nak tam lo Ralkap tuanter khawh a si lai.
(d) Ram caah Emergency pakhat khat a chuah sual ahcun Ralkap tuancaan hi kum (5) tiang sauh khawh a si lai, ti a si.
2.5 Ralkap Tuanding Autu Buu:
(a) Cozah tlaitu (or) nawlngeihnak pekmi bu nih Mipi Ralkap Tuannak Buu (Center) cu a dirh lai. Cu bu nih Ramthen (Division) le Ramkulh (State) kip ah siseh, Peng (Myoney) kipah siseh, buu a dirh lai. Ralkap Tuan dingah auhmi cu Tatmadaw Siilei Zohfeltu phu nih an zoh lai,
(b) Khua kip le Sangkip VPDC le WPDC nih sang le khua chungah a ummi Ralkap tuan ding caah kum a tling cangmi min cazin cu December 31 ah an tial dih lai I, January 1 hlanah Peng (Myoney) nawlngeitu sinah cazin phanhter dih lengmang a si lai.
(c) Peng (Myonay) nawlngeitu bu nih Ralkap tuanding kum a tling cangmi cu an auh lai I, register an tuah lai. Registered Certificate chuahpiak a si lai. Register a tuahmi cu Sii lei check dingah auh an si lai.
(d) Ralkap tuan dingah auhmi poahpoah auhnak ca an pekmi chungah an khiahpiakmi Ralkap Sakhan (Department or Unit) ah pel lo tein khiahmi can chungah tadin a pek lai.
(e) Ralkap tuan dingah auhnak ca zunglei nih pek tikah a mah pumpak a um lo I, a chungkhar pakhat khat sinah zung nih ca pek a si ahcun a mah sinah capek a si tiah, ruah a si lai, ti a si.
2.6 Ralkap Upadii Zulh Ding
Ralkap Tuan dingah cohlan cang ni thokin ‘1959 Tatmadaw Act’ upadii cu hopoah an zulh dih lai, ti a si. Ralkap nih tulio an hman liomi siikan le upadii pawl hi si dawh a si.
2.7 Ralkap Tuannak in a Luatmi Pawl
A tanglei pawl hi Ralkap tuannak MRTP chungin an luat lai.
(a) Biaknak lei riantuantu hna (Hrilfiahnak: (a) Buddhist a si ahcun monk, novice and nun tuannak certificate a ngeimi. (b) Khrihfa a si ahcun Church pakhat khat nih theihpinak Reverend a pekmi pawl (who performs religious duties and who churches acknowledge as a Reverend). (c) Hinduism biami a si ahcun Sanyasi, Mahan or Hindu monk pawl)
(b) Chungkhar tlai nu pawl (Chungkhar rawh zongah fanu fapa a ngeimi zong ai tel)
(c) Pum tlamtlinlonak pakhat khat zungzal a ngeimi
(d) Tatmadaw Siilei checktu phu nih Ralkap tuanding ah zungzal a tlak lo tiah an khiahmi
(e) Ralkap Tuannak Autu (Center) nih luatnak nawl a pekmi
2.6 Ralkal Tuannak in Luatnak Sokning
Ralkap Tuanding kum a tling cang caah zung leinih Ralkap tuanding an auh tikah Ralkap tuannak chungin luatnak caah siseh, Ralkap tuancaan thawnpiaknak caah siseh, tuancaan thumhpiaknak caah siseh, a sok duh a si ah cun: Pumpak a konglam (Bio-data) a hman le hman lo, a sok chan a ruang (reason) a langhter mi a hman le hman lo, a sokmi a ruang bawmtu ca (evidences or recommendations) tling tein a thilchih le thihchih lo, Peng (Myonay) zung nih zohfiannak an tuah hmasa dih lai. Document a chan bau cun an hal chap rih lai. Cun Tatmadaw Sii lei checktu sinah an kuat lai. Cun District zung an kuat lai, District zungnih an zoh hnuah, Ramkulh (State) zung an kuat lai, State zung nih an zoh hnuah Bahu (Center) zung an kuat chin lai. Center zungnih an zoh cikcek lai i: Ngandamlonak a ngeih ruangah, Sianginn kai lio a si ruangah, Zohkhenhtu ngeilo nu le pa a zohkhenhtu a si ruangah, rit sii a tongthammi a si I, ai phiat lio can a si ruangah, thongtla lio a si ruangah Ralkap tuannak chungin luatter chung khawhnak pek khawh a si lai, ti a si. Temporary caah a si I zungzal ca luat a si lo. Sianginn kai lio timi hi Cozah nih a tuahmi asiloah Cozah nih a pawmmi University, College or sianginn pakhat khat ah a kai liomi tiah a hrilhfiah.
2.7 Ralkap Sit Sizungzi Tuahning (Military Mobilization):
Ram chung hmunhma pakhat khat ah siseh, ram pumpi ah siseh, ram himnak le khamhnak caah emergency a chuah ahcun Cozah nih Ralkap tuan dingah kum a tling cangmi zapi dih lak in siseh, a cheu bangin siseh, Ralkap a tuannak ai lim cangmi zapi siseh, a cheubang in siseh, ralkap tuannak (sit sizungzi) tuahnak caah awder a chuah khawh lai, ti a si.
Awder a chuah tikah Ralkap tuan dingah auhmi pohpoh Ralkap Autu Buu ah report pek colh a si lai. Ralkap Autu Buu nih khiahpiakmi Ralkap Sakhan hmun le hma (Department or Unit) ah Ralkap rian tuan a si lai. Ralkap Tuannak Autu (Center) nih a herh a ti rih ahcun a tuannak hmun ah tuanrih ko seh, tiah a can sauhter khawh a si lai, ti a si.
2.8 Ralkap Tuantu hna Covo:
(a) Ralkap a tuan chungah Ralkap chung an khiahmi rank ning bantukin lahkha (salaries and fees) pek a si lai. Ralkap tuan chungah thihlonak, fahnak pakhat khat a ton sual cun Ralkap nih an hmuhmi bomhnak bantukin bomh a si ve lai.
(b) Cozah riantuan nih Ralkap a tuan chung can vialte cu Cozah rian a tuan tiah relpiak a si lai. Ralkap a tuan can a dih hnuah a rak tuanmi a rian tthing asiloah cu bantuk a rianah rian nawlngeitu nih rian a tuanter than lai. Ralkap tuan can a dih hnuah Ralkap voluntary in tuan a duh rih ahcun phung ningin Ralkap tuanter khawh a si lai.
(c) Ph.D asiloah professional degree a ngeimi asiloah khiahmi fimthiamnak tahfung a tlingmi a si ahcun emergency in Gazetted Officer ah rian pek khawh a si, ti a si.
2.9 Dantatnak Phunphun
1. Thong kum (3) le Phaisa Dantatnak
A tanglei pawl ruangah thong kum (3) siseh, phaisa dantatnak siseh, thong he phaisa he phun (2) in siseh dantat khawh a si lai.
(a) Ralkap Tuannak register tuah dingah Peng (Myonay) zung nih an auh nain a kal duh lomi
(b) Peng (Myonay) zung nih Ralkap Tuannak ah Sii I check ding an auh nain a kal duh lomi
(c) Sii ai check ter ko nain Peng (Myoney) zung nih Ralkap tuan ding an auh tikah a kal duh lomi
(d) Ralkap Tuanding (Sit Sizung) caah awder an chuah I, Ralkap a tuannak ding khiahpiakmi hmunhma Ralkap Sakhan (Department or Unit) ah a kal duh lomi
(e) Hi upadii ningin a chim a rel dingmi thil pakhat khat kongah a hman loning in a chim a relmi
(f) Ralkap a tuan dih cang nain a riantthing ah rian a luhter than duh lomi
2. Thong kum (5) le Phaisa Dantatnak
Ralkap Tuannak in luatnak ding khua a khang I a tanglei pawl a tuahmi cu thong kum (5) siseh, phaisa dantatnak siseh, thong he phaisa he phun (2) in siseh dantat khawh a si lai.
(a) A mah le a mah a ngandamnak a chia deuh phunin zawtnak le fahnak a ngeimi i lawhter
(b) Pum tlamtling lomi I lawhter
(c) Mah le mah zawtnak ngeih dingah siseh, pum tlamtling lo dingah siseh ai tuahmi
(d) Zawtnak le pum tlamtlinlonak kha damnak caah sii I thlawp lei si loin zualter chin dingah siseh, damnak can rauhter chin dingah siseh ai tuahmi
(e) A mah le a mah fahnak ing dingah ai tuahmi
(f) Lam dangdang in Ralkap tuan luatnak dingah ai tuahmi
3. Riantuantu Dantatnak
(a) Cozah riantuantu (Public servant) siseh, buu pakhat chungtel siseh, hi upadii ningin riantuan nakah a dik lo ningin a tuah ahcun thong kum (3) nak tlawm lo siseh, phaisa siseh, a pahnih in siseh dantat khawh a si.
(b) Hi Ralkap Tuannak upadii nih tuahlo dingah a khapmi nawlbia a zulduh lomi minung a bawmtu pohpoh thong kumkhat siseh, phaisa siseh, a pahnih in siseh, dantat khawh a si.
(c) Hopoah dantatnak a in cang zongah Ralkap tuannak chungin cun a luat lai lo, Ralkap a tuan thiamthiam lai.
Hi MRTP caah a herhmi upadii le phung le phai pawl dangdang cu Defense Ministry nih a herh ningin a chuah chap rih lai ti a si lengah hmual ngei deuhin MRTP kan kalpi khawhnak hnga a herhmi buu pohpoh kan dirh lai I tuanvo kan pek khawh ti a si.
Biadonghnak
MRTP a hmanglomi ram pawl kan zoh tikah ral thawh lio ahcun a hmangmi an si ko nain raldaih hnu cun an hrawh dih cang. Emergency caah timhlamhnak a ngeimi tlawmte long an um. Nawlngeihnak zong mipi thimmi Parliament or Congress ah MRTP hman le hman lo an bia an chah.
MRTP a hmangmi ram zong Israel dah ti locun thla (30) a saumi an um lo. Ral a ngeimi ram an tam. Ram rum ngai ram fate a si caah ka him lo tiah ai ruatmi pawl an tam. Cun nu hramhram in a tuantermi ram an um lo tluk a si. Cun Ralkap an tuan ruangah hlawknak tampi le bomhnak tampi a pemi longte ngot an si. Cheukhat ram cu Ralkap luh hi a nuam deuhah a ruatmi an tampi ko lai. Ralkap luh lo ruangah thong a thlami ram an um lo. Tazacuai zong a um lo.
Kawlram cu Mipi thimmi Hluttaw or Parliament nih MRTP a ser lo. Ralkap SPDC lila nih an duhning pohin an ser chom. Ralkap lila nih an hruai hoi lai. Tulio ah pawngkam ram he ralthawhnak ding ral zong a ngei lo. Tlangcung Miphun ral tho long an um caah Emergency a ti lai I, mipi le mipi, Tlangcung Miphun le Tlangcung Miphun ral I tukter, thisen I chuahter dawh in a lang.
Ralkap tuannak chungin a luatkhomi Cozah riantlai he sianginn cacawng he an um lo lengah luatnak dingah soknak dotdot a kalphung zoh tikah luatnak lam a har hringhran. Bahu zung (Center) tiang phanh a hau. MRTP a hmangmi ram cu kum (27) tiang long buaktlak in an kalpi lioah Kawl Ralkap cu kum (35) in kum (45) tiang a si hoi. Ramdang cu bomhnak phunphun, hlawknak phun an pek lio ah bomhnak a pekmi chimtlak a um hoi lo. Hi nak a zualmi cu nu tiang Ralkap tuan hrimhrim ding a ti chap rih lengah a duhlomi cu kum (3) in kum (5) tiang thongthlak a ti rih. Ralkap tuannak cakuat zung nih na chungkhar pakhat khat sinah an pek cang a si ahcun nangmah pek bantuk ah ruah a si lai i, na zam tak ah siseh, luatnak na kawl ahsiseh, na chungkhar zong nangmah zong thongthlak a si ko lai. Dantat a si ko lai.
Hi upadii hi SPDC Chairman nih awder a chuah ni thokin a nung lai a ti tikah thaizing zong a si kho hmaizarh zong a si kho, hmaithla zong a si kho in a lang. Hluttaw nih a zoh than lai timi a langh lo lengah SPDC hi Parliament kawh hnuin zei dirhmun in a um lai a fiang lo. Parliament thut hnuin SPDC an hrawh a si ahcun Hluttaw thut hlanah hi upadii hi nunter dawh in a lang. Ziahtiah SPDC Chiarman awder chuah in a nunter lai, ti a si. Hluttaw pawmpinak an lak than belte a si ahcun Hluttaw nih zeitik a nun lai a khiah te men ko lai. SPDC a um lo hmanh ah Cozah thar hnuah Commander in Chief of Defense Service nih a kalpi ko lai. Phunghram pi ah an tial cang. Hi dirhmun ah ramchung um caah thim ding lam a tlawm hringhran. Lungrethei vansang in an um hi an mawh lo. Kawl Ralkap cu maw kan lut dih lawlaw lai thongchung luh cu dah kan I thim deuh lai asiloah kan zamtak dih lai I kan chungkhar cu maw kan tlaihter hna lai asiloah um-ek in dah kan doh lawlaw lai timi long thimding kan ngei rua, ka ti. A pawi ngaingai.
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